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<title>Heterotremata</title>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heterotremata</span></h1>

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<th>Heterotremata

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<p>Die <a href="Gemeine_Flusskrabbe" title="Gemeine Flusskrabbe">Gemeine Flusskrabbe</a> (<i>Potamon fluviatile</i>) gehört zu den Heterotremata.

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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>

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<td><i><a href="Stamm_(Biologie)" title="Stamm (Biologie)">Unterstamm</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Krebstiere" title="Krebstiere">Krebstiere</a> (Crustacea)

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<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="H%C3%B6here_Krebse" title="Höhere Krebse">Höhere Krebse</a> (Malacostraca)

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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Zehnfu%C3%9Fkrebse" title="Zehnfußkrebse">Zehnfußkrebse</a> (Decapoda)

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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Unterordnung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Pleocyemata" title="Pleocyemata">Pleocyemata</a>

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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Teilordnung</a>:</i>

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<td><a href="Krabben" title="Krabben">Krabben</a> (Brachyura)

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<td>Heterotremata

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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>

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<td class="taxo-name">Heterotremata

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<td class="Person"><a href="Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot" title="Danièle Guinot">Guinot</a>, 1977

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<p>Als <b>Heterotremata</b> wird eine Untergruppe der <a href="Krabben" title="Krabben">Krabben</a> bezeichnet, bei denen die Geschlechtsöffnung (<a href="Gonoporus" title="Gonoporus">Gonopore</a>) bei Weibchen auf dem sechsten <a href="Thorax_(Gliederf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer)" title="Thorax (Gliederfüßer)">thorakalen</a> <a href="Sternum_(Gliederf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer)" title="Sternum (Gliederfüßer)">Sternit</a> liegt, bei den Männchen auf der Hüfte (<a href="Coxa_(Gliederf%C3%BC%C3%9Fer)" title="Coxa (Gliederfüßer)">Coxa</a>) oder coxosternal in Höhe des letzten <a href="Schreitbein" class="mw-redirect" title="Schreitbein">Schreitbeins</a> (P5). Sie gehören mit den <a href="Thoracotremata" title="Thoracotremata">Thoracotremata</a> zu den <a href="Eubrachyura" title="Eubrachyura">Eubrachyura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davie_et_al._2015_54_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davie_et_al._2015_54-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Das folgende <a href="Kladogramm" class="mw-redirect" title="Kladogramm">Kladogramm</a> zeigt die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse innerhalb der Krabben:<sup id="cite_ref-Wolfe_et_al._2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolfe_et_al._2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td style="min-width:1em; border-bottom:2px solid; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <a href="Krabben" title="Krabben">Krabben</a> (Brachyura) 

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<p><a href="Dromiacea" title="Dromiacea">Dromiacea</a>

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<p><a href="Raninoida" class="mw-redirect" title="Raninoida">Raninoida</a>

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<p><a href="Cyclodorippoida" title="Cyclodorippoida">Cyclodorippoida</a>

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<td style="border-left:2px solid; border-bottom:2px solid; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <a href="Eubrachyura" title="Eubrachyura">Eubrachyura</a> 

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<p>Heterotremata

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<p><a href="Thoracotremata" title="Thoracotremata">Thoracotremata</a>

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<td valign="top"><br><span style="display:none;">Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Innere_Systematik">Innere Systematik</h2></div>

<p>Die Verhältnisse innerhalb der Heterotremata sind nicht abschließend geklärt. Molekularbiologischen Studien legen nahe, dass viele der derzeitigen Überfamilien <a href="Polyphyletisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyphyletisch">polyphyletisch</a> und damit keine validen <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxa</a> sind. Tsang et al. (2014) ermittelte folgendes Kladogramm:<sup id="cite_ref-Ling_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ling-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<td style="min-width:1em; border-bottom:2px solid; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <b>Heterotremata</b> 

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<td style="min-width:1em; border-bottom:2px solid; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> Süßwasserkrabben 

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<td style="min-width:1em; border-bottom:2px solid; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <a href="Potamoidea" title="Potamoidea">Potamoidea</a> 

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<p><a href="Potamonautidae" title="Potamonautidae">Potamonautidae</a>

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<p><a href="Potamidae" title="Potamidae">Potamidae</a>

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<p><a href="Gecarcinucidae" title="Gecarcinucidae">Gecarcinucidae</a>

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<p><a href="Pseudothelphusidae" title="Pseudothelphusidae">Pseudothelphusidae</a>

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<p><a href="Trichodactylidae" title="Trichodactylidae">Trichodactylidae</a>

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<p><a href="Orithyiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Orithyiidae">Orithyiidae</a>

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<p><a href="Belliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Belliidae">Belliidae</a>

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<p><a href="Chasmocarcinidae" title="Chasmocarcinidae">Chasmocarcinidae</a>

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<p><a href="Retroplumidae" title="Retroplumidae">Retroplumidae</a>

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<p>Ethusidae

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<p><a href="Dorippidae" title="Dorippidae">Dorippidae</a>

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<p><a href="Leucosiidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Leucosiidae">Leucosiidae</a>

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<p><a href="Inachidae" title="Inachidae">Inachidae</a>

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<p><a href="Epialtidae" title="Epialtidae">Epialtidae</a> (paraphyletisch)

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<p><a href="Majidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Majidae">Majidae</a> / <a href="Mithracidae" title="Mithracidae">Mithracidae</a>

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<p><a href="Corystidae" title="Corystidae">Corystidae</a>

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<p><a href="Euryplacidae" title="Euryplacidae">Euryplacidae</a>

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<p><a href="Matutidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Matutidae">Matutidae</a>

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<p><a href="Calappidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Calappidae">Calappidae</a>

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<p><a href="Parthenopidae" title="Parthenopidae">Parthenopidae</a>

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<p><a href="Cancridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cancridae">Cancridae</a>

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<p><a href="Carpiliidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpiliidae">Carpiliidae</a>

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<p><a href="Aethridae" title="Aethridae">Aethridae</a>

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<p><i>Pseudocarcinus</i> Fam. <a href="Menippidae" title="Menippidae">Menippidae</a>

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<p><i>Menippe</i> Fam. <a href="Menippidae" title="Menippidae">Menippidae</a>

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<p><a href="Polybiidae" title="Polybiidae">Polybiidae</a>

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<p><a href="Portunidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Portunidae">Portunidae</a>

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<p><a href="Tanaochelidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanaochelidae">Tanaochelidae</a>

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<p><a href="Galenidae" title="Galenidae">Galenidae</a>

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<p><a href="Pilumnidae" title="Pilumnidae">Pilumnidae</a>

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<p><a href="Mathildellidae" title="Mathildellidae">Mathildellidae</a>

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<p><a href="Eriphiidae" title="Eriphiidae">Eriphiidae</a>

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<p><a href="Oziidae" title="Oziidae">Oziidae</a>

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<p><a href="Vultocinidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Vultocinidae">Vultocinidae</a>

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<p><a href="Trapeziidae" title="Trapeziidae">Trapeziidae</a>

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<p><a href="Goneplacidae" title="Goneplacidae">Goneplacidae</a>

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<p><a href="Scalopidiidae" title="Scalopidiidae">Scalopidiidae</a>

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<p><a href="Xanthidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Xanthidae">Xanthidae</a> (paraphyletisch)

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<p><a href="Panopeidae" title="Panopeidae">Panopeidae</a>

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<td valign="top"><br><span style="display:none;">Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/Style</span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>

<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heterotremata?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Heterotremata</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>

<li id="cite_note-Davie_et_al._2015_54-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Davie_et_al._2015_54_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter J. F. Davie, <a href="Dani%C3%A8le_Guinot" title="Danièle Guinot">Danièle Guinot</a>, Peter K. L. Ng: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Anatomy and Functional Morphology of Brachyura</cite>. In: Peter Castro, Peter J. F. Davie, Danièle Guinot, Frederick R. Schram, J. Carel von Vaupel Klein (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">The Crustacea</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden 2015, ISBN 978-90-04-19083-2, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>54</span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Heterotremata&rft.atitle=Anatomy+and+Functional+Morphology+of+Brachyura&rft.au=Peter+J.+F.+Davie%2C+Dani%C3%A8le+Guinot%2C+Peter+K.+L.+Ng&rft.btitle=The+Crustacea&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9789004190832&rft.pages=54&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill+NV&rft.volume=2" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Wolfe_et_al._2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolfe_et_al._2019_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joanna M. Wolfe, Jesse W. Breinholt, Keith A. Crandall, Alan R. Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Laura E. Timm, Mark E. Siddall, Heather D. Bracken-Grissom: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Proceedings_of_the_Royal_Society_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Proceedings of the Royal Society B">Proceedings of the Royal Society B</a> – Biological Sciences</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>286</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1901</span>, April 2019, 20190079, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0079">10.1098/rspb.2019.0079</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Heterotremata&rft.atitle=A+phylogenomic+framework%2C+evolutionary+timeline+and+genomic+resources+for+comparative+studies+of+decapod+crustaceans&rft.au=Joanna+M.+Wolfe%2C+Jesse+W.+Breinholt%2C+Keith+A.+Crandall%2C+...&rft.date=2019-04&rft.doi=10.1098%2Frspb.2019.0079&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1901&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+B+-+Biological+Sciences&rft.volume=286" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Ling-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ling_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ling Ming Tsang et al.: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Evolutionary History of True Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) and the Origin of Freshwater Crabs</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Molecular_Biology_and_Evolution" title="Molecular Biology and Evolution">Molecular Biology and Evolution</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>31</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1173–1187</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev%2Fmsu068">10.1093/molbev/msu068</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24520090?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24520090</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Heterotremata&rft.atitle=Evolutionary+History+of+True+Crabs+%28Crustacea%3A+Decapoda%3A+Brachyura%29+and+the+Origin+of+Freshwater+Crabs&rft.au=Ling+Ming+Tsang+et+al.&rft.date=2014&rft.doi=10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsu068&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.pages=1173-1187&rft.pmid=24520090&rft.volume=31" style="display:none"> </span></span>

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